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The Bible has always been an integral part of American political culture. Yet in the years before the Civil War, it was the Old Testament, not the New Testament, that pervaded political rhetoric. From Revolutionary times through about 1830, numerous American politicians, commentators, ministers, and laymen depicted their young nation as a new, God-chosen Israel and relied on the Old Testament for political guidance. This book closely examines how this powerful predilection for Old Testament narratives and rhetoric in early America shaped a wide range of debates and cultural discussions—from republican ideology, constitutional interpretation, southern slavery, and, more generally, the meaning of American nationalism to speculations on the origins of American Indians and to the emergence of Mormonism. The author argues that the effort to shape the United States as a biblical nation reflected conflicting attitudes within the culture—proudly boastful on the one hand but uncertain about its abilities and ultimate destiny on the other. This book explores the meaning and lasting effects of the idea of the United States as a new Israel, and sheds new light on our understanding of the nation's origins and culture during the founding and antebellum decades.

The lives of six African children, ages nine to sixteen, were forever altered by the revolt aboard the Cuban schooner La Amistad in 1839. Like their adult companions, all were captured in Africa and illegally sold as slaves. In this fascinating revisionist history, the author reconstructs six entwined stories and brings them to the forefront of the Amistad conflict. Through eyewitness testimonies, court records, and the children's own letters, the author recounts how their lives were inextricably interwoven by the historic drama, and casts new light on illegal nineteenth-century transatlantic slave smuggling.

This book is a joint biography of the famous Beecher sisters, who lived and worked in nineteenth-century America. Daughters of the well-known evangelist Lyman Beecher, the three sisters, who were not allowed to follow their father and seven brothers to college and into the ministry, all had successful careers at a time when few women entered the public sphere. Catharine Beecher, who became a pioneer educator, founded the Hartford Female Seminary in the 1820s, devoted her life to improving women's schooling, and wrote some thirty books on education, religion, and health. Harriet Beecher Stowe became world famous in 1852 as the author of the explosive anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin and went on to write a series of novels about New England, initiating the women's tradition of local-color realism in the United States. The youngest Beecher sister, Isabella Beecher Hooker, devoted herself to her husband and children until middle age. After the Civil War, she began to speak out on women's rights and quickly found herself a leader in the movement. Isabella was a friend and colleague of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. In her suffrage work, she became associated with the flamboyant feminist Victoria Woodhull, also known as Mrs. Satan.

This book expands borderlands history by examining the past and original urban infrastructure of one of America's most prominent cities; its social, spatial, and racial divides and boundaries; and how it came to be the Los Angeles we know today. It is a study of how an innovative intercultural community developed along racial lines, and how immigrants from the United States engineered a profound shift in civic ideals and the physical environment, creating a social and spatial rupture that endures to this day.

In examining how the United States gained control over the northern borderlands of Spanish America, this work reassesses the diplomacy of President James Madison. Historians have assumed that Madison's motive in sending agents into the Spanish borderlands between 1810 and 1813 was to subvert Spanish rule, but the author argues that his real intent was to find peaceful and legal resolutions to long-standing disputes over the boundaries of Louisiana at a time when the Spanish-American Empire was in the process of dissolution. Drawing on an array of American, British, French, and Spanish sources, he describes how a myriad cast of local leaders, officials, and other small players affected the borderlands diplomacy between the United States and Spain, and casts new light on Madison's contribution to early American expansionism.

Businesses that financed, traded, and transported enslaved people chart the progress of nineteenth-century American capitalism more strikingly than any other enterprise. Drawing on history, literature, and business studies, this book details the interstate United States slave trade at the level of the firm. Slave traders investigated here were business insiders rather than social outcasts and were some of the early U.S. republic’s most ingenious merchants. In seven chapters, each centering on a particular enterprise, this book explores how enslavers sought competitive advantages and developed strategies over a forty-five-year period. Subjects range from a trio of self-financed partners driving enslaved people along rough Appalachian trails in 1818 to the most successful interstate slave trading firms of the 1820s and 1830s to a New York-based steamship company that seized a virtual monopoly on the Gulf Coast trade with Texas by the close of the 1840s. Participants in the slavery business innovated in finance and transportation, and this book investigates entrepreneurship and creativity in the context of the growth of finance and government sponsorship and protections. Over time some opportunities closed as others opened. But the business of slavery was never merely business, and the creative destruction that built a commercial republic and helped create a continental empire was one that racked the bodies, splintered the families, and tried the souls of African-descended Americans. The book explores their reactions and counter-strategies, illustrating the tragedy of slaveholders’ ambitions.

This book chronicles the extraordinary story of African American composer Edmond Dede, raised in antebellum New Orleans, and his remarkable career in France. In 1855, Edmond Dede, a free black composer from New Orleans, emigrated to Paris. There he trained with France's best classical musicians and went on to spend thirty-six years in Bordeaux leading the city's most popular orchestras. How did this African American, raised in the biggest slave market in the United States, come to compose ballets for one of the best theaters outside of Paris and gain recognition as one of Bordeaux's most popular orchestra leaders? Beginning with his birth in antebellum New Orleans in 1827 and ending with his death in Paris in 1901, this text recounts the life of this extraordinary man. From the Crescent City to the City of Light and on to the raucous music halls of Bordeaux, this intimate narrative history brings to life the lost world of exiles and travelers in a rapidly modernizing world that threatened to leave the most vulnerable behind.

This book describes the lives of African American women in the urban north during the early years of the republic. It investigates how African American women in Philadelphia journeyed from enslavement to the precarious status of free persons in the decades leading up to the Civil War, and examines comparable developments in the cities of New York and Boston. Free of the many burdens of poverty, a handful of African American women in Philadelphia had the opportunity to engage in political and social activism, the most important of which was the antislavery movement, and would enter an arena of politics inhabited by white men and women and contribute to the definition of abolition in its formative moments. Even though their own freedom, although precarious, had been secured shortly after the American Revolution, they worked to secure the freedom of all men and women of African descent. These elite women were unusual. Without the benefits of family wealth and reputation, the majority of African American women in Philadelphia gained freedom and its advantages through their own long and arduous work. As domestics, washerwomen, seamstresses, and fruit hucksters, they experienced emancipation in the later years of their lives, spending much of their energy securing the freedom of their children, their own sweet buds of promise.

This book explores the circumstances in which the United States acquired Louisiana in 1803, and investigates the period from 1803 to 1808, when the Louisiana Purchase unleashed numerous, often conflicting, visions of incorporation. Although a series of changes to the domestic apparatus seemed to establish the federal hold and white supremacy by 1808, the book shows how a series of crises at home and abroad from 1809 to 1815 upset the institutional development that was supposed to secure incorporation. It also investigates the period from 1815 to 1820, when the Whites in Louisiana completed the process of constructing the legal, political, administrative, racial, and military structures of racial supremacy, and examines the three different Republican administrations of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. Jefferson occupied the presidency during the period of the greatest domestic uncertainty in Louisiana, Madison during the period of the greatest international activity, and Monroe during the period of resolution on foreign and domestic fronts. These developments say less about the three presidents than they do about shifting circumstances in Louisiana, the Americas, and Europe. The book discusses how the incorporation of Louisiana occurred during a period of tremendous consistency in Washington, as Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe pursued almost identical priorities, and also examines the events that helped in developing bondage between Louisiana and the United States.

This book explores the myth of the American West in the nineteenth century as a place for men to assert their masculinity by “roughing it” in the wilderness, and reveals how this myth played out in a transatlantic context. It uncovers the networks of elite men—British and American—who circulated between the West and the metropoles of London and New York, and narrates the story of an individual who, by traveling these transatlantic paths, sought to resolve anxieties about class, gender, and empire in an era of profound economic and social transformation. All of the men discussed—from the well known, including Theodore Roosevelt and Buffalo Bill Cody, to the comparatively obscure, such as English cattle rancher Moreton Frewen—envisioned the American West as a global space into which redemptive narratives of heroic upper-class masculinity could be written.