The Contributions and Impact of Civil Society
The Contributions and Impact of Civil Society
This chapter reviews the emergence of civil society and NGOs as important actors in international development. It introduces a classification of NGOs to help differentiate among their goals, purposes, and organizational structures. Using this schema, the chapter assesses the role of NGOs in development, the factors that have facilitated and constrained their success, and the potential for closer federations with MNEs and governments to increase the effectiveness of NGOs. It reviews the inherent tensions and conflicts between civil society and NGOs on the one hand and MNEs on the other, and introduces a framework for understanding civil society–MNE interactions in the context of international development. The chapter also discusses the need for a more objective understanding of the roles and goals of MNEs by civil society and NGOs, and of civil society and NGOs by MNEs.
Keywords: civil society, international development, organizational structures, federations
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