Certification Emergence and Growth Across Sectors
Certification Emergence and Growth Across Sectors
This book has traced the evolution of certification as a form of private governance in forestry, fisheries, and coffee industry. It has highlighted the complicated pattern in these certification programs, as well as the disagreements and contestations involved. It has also explained how different types of benefits accruing from certification programs generate incentives to protect relative gains. Factors such as fair trade and organics and the role of markets and politics in the evolution of certification programs have also been discussed. This concluding chapter reviews the challenges faced by global-first and local-first certification programs as they evolved, along with the lessons from the sector-level patterns across the forestry, coffee, and fisheries sectors. It also considers the conceptual and theoretical issues involved in certification as well as their implications for private governance and the dynamics of institutional change.
Keywords: ertification, private governance, forestry, fisheries, coffee industry, certification programs, fair trade, organics, markets, politics
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